Warm up angina
نویسندگان
چکیده
Walk-through angina dates back more than 200 years. It was first described in a letter to the British physician, William Heberden. The term is used to describe patients with ischemic heart disease who have reduced symptoms after an episode of angina. It is related to ‘‘warm up’’ angina or, when playing golf, ‘‘first hole’’ angina. The mechanisms responsible for warm up angina are not yet clear, although ischemic preconditioning and collateral recruitment seem to play important parts. Triggers and mediators involved in preconditioning are adenosine, bradykinin, opioid receptor agonists, ATPsensitive potassium channels, and protein kinase C. However, only bradykinin seems to have an influence on warm up angina in humans. Heart Metab. 2006;31:30–33.
منابع مشابه
Is warm-up in angina ischaemic preconditioning?
are then able to continue exertion with few or no symptoms but, unlike warm-up angina, without an intervening period of rest. Some of these phenomena have been recognised for centuries2 but they now receive less attention because of effective anti-angina treatment and changes in investigative techniques. For example treadmill exercise testing does not allow rest and imposes incremental increase...
متن کاملWarm up phenomenon and preconditioning in clinical practice.
The warm up phenomenon, first described more that 50 years ago in patients with effort angina, refers to the improved performance exhibited by more than half of all patients with coronary artery disease following their first exercise test. There are several potential causes of the warm up phenomenon including: (1) an improvement in oxygen supply, which, in turn, may be caused by stenosis dilati...
متن کاملThe warm-up effect protects against ischemic left ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina.
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in angina protects against ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. BACKGROUND After exercise, patients with coronary disease demonstrate persistent myocardial dysfunction, which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against further angina, which may represent ischemic preconditioning. The eff...
متن کاملExercise Physiology Synergistic Adaptations to Exercise in the Systemic and Coronary Circulations That Underlie the Warm-Up Angina Phenomenon
Background—The mechanisms of reduced angina on second exertion in patients with coronary arterial disease, also known as the warm-up angina phenomenon, are poorly understood. Adaptations within the coronary and systemic circulations have been suggested but never demonstrated in vivo. In this study we measured central and coronary hemodynamics during serial exercise. Methods and Results—Sixteen ...
متن کاملSynergistic adaptations to exercise in the systemic and coronary circulations that underlie the warm-up angina phenomenon.
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of reduced angina on second exertion in patients with coronary arterial disease, also known as the warm-up angina phenomenon, are poorly understood. Adaptations within the coronary and systemic circulations have been suggested but never demonstrated in vivo. In this study we measured central and coronary hemodynamics during serial exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixtee...
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